2.10 tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ (Original)

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Chapter 2

<< Chapter 2 verse 9

Simple

tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ
prahasann iva bhārata
senayor ubhayor madhye
viṣīdantam idaṁ vacaḥ

Sañjaya continued:

Bhārata[1. Dhṛitarāshtra.]! With a smile did Hṛishīkeśa regard him (Arjuna), who thus stood sad between the two armies; and He spoke to him these words:

Beholding Arjuna overwhelmed with grief at not knowing the distinction between the true nature of body (matter) and soul (ātmā), and yet discoursing in a fashion that one, with a knowledge of soul existing as apart from body, would adopt, – a position of conflicting views for Arjuna -; beholding him, suddenly languishing into inactivity when both the armies were ready to engage in war, Paramapurusha lectured to him smilingly, commencing from verse:

‘Never at all was, that I was not, etc;’

and ending with,

‘I shall deliver thee from all sins, etc;’

embodying the three-fold doctrines of Karma-Yoga[5. Yoga here means method, path or means. ‘Karma-Yoga‘ is thus ‘the method of Works’ or doing deeds of virtue as inculcated in Scriptural and other ethical codes.], Jñāna-Yoga[6. ‘Jñāna-Yoga‘ is ‘the Method of Knowledge.’], and Bhakti-Yoga[7. ‘Bhakti-Yoga‘ is ‘the Method of Loving Devotion.’ By these Methods one is to know (1) his Soul, (2) know his God, and (3) find them. I use the word ‘find’ so that it might suit the moksha-idea of any of the three Schools, Dvaita, Advaita or Viśishtādvaita. Throughout my translation, I retain the original expressions Karma-Yoga, Jñāna-Yoga, and Bhakti-Yoga, as far as possible, the convenience of which will be evident.], which are the Means for acquiring the true knowledge of Ātmā (soul) Paramātma[10. Supreme Spirit, the Unexcelled or the Peerless Spirit] (Supreme Soul = God), and for attaining them.

Smilingly means, that Krishna discoursed on these most abstruse subjects of philosophy and religion as if it were but a pleasant recreation.

>> Chapter 2 verse 11

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